ABSTRACT
Background: Evidence of effective early childhood obesity prevention is scarce and mainly derived from face-to-face interventions. However, the COVID-19 pandemic drastically reduced face-to-face health programmes globally. This study assessed effectiveness of a telephone-based intervention in reducing obesity risk of young children. Method(s): We adapted a study protocol (developed before the pandemic) and conducted a pragmatic randomised controlled trial of 662 women with children aged 2 years (mean age 24.06 months [SD 0.69]) during March, 2019, and October, 2021, extending the original planned intervention of 12 months to 24 months. The adapted intervention comprised five telephone-based support sessions plus text messages over a 24-month period (at child ages 24-26 months, 28-30 months, 32-34 months, 36-38 months, and 42-44 months). The intervention group (n=331) received staged telephone plus SMS support regarding healthy eating, physical activity, and information about COVID-19. The control group (n=331) received four staged mail-outs on information not related to the obesity prevention intervention, such as toilet training, language development, and sibling relationships, as a retention strategy. The intervention effects on BMI (primary outcome) and eating habits (secondary outcome), and perceived co-benefits, were evaluated using surveys and qualitative telephone interviews at 12 months and 24 months after baseline (age 2 years). The trial is registered with the Australian Clinical Trial Registry, ACTRN12618001571268. Finding(s): Of 662 mothers, 537 (81%) completed the follow-up assessments at 3 years, and 491 (74%) completed the follow-up assessment at 4 years. Multiple imputation analysis showed no significant difference in mean BMI between the groups. Among low-income families (ie, annual household income <AU$80 000) at age 3 years, the intervention was significantly associated with a lower mean BMI (16.26 kg/m2 [SD 2.22]) in the intervention group than in the control group (16.84 kg/m2 [2.37];p=0.040), a difference of -0.59 (95% CI -1.15 to -0.03;p=0.040). Children in the intervention group were more likely not to eat in front of the television than the control group, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.00 (95% CI 1.33 to 2.99) at 3 years and an aOR of 2.50 (1.63 to 3.83) at 4 years. Qualitative interviews with 28 mothers revealed that the intervention increased their awareness, confidence, and motivation to implement healthy feeding practices, particularly for families from culturally diverse backgrounds (ie, speaking a language other than English at home). Interpretation(s): A telephone-based intervention was well received by the mothers who participated in the study. The intervention could reduce children's BMI from low-income families. Telephone-based support targeted at low-income families and families from culturally diverse backgrounds could reduce current inequalities in childhood obesity. Funding(s): The trial was funded under the NSW Health Translational Research Grant Scheme 2016 (number TRGS 200) and also by a National Health and Medical Research Council Partnership grant (number 1169823).Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyze risk communication related to Covid-19 conducted by three Provincial Health Offices on their Instagram account. This research used descriptive quantitative method with a content analysis approach. The study was limited to the first 6-month-period of crisis moments in Indonesia from March to August 2020. The unit of analysis were postings of three accounts of the Provincial Health offices on Instagram. The population of this study were 970 postings and the samples were 792 postings related to Covid-19 that were chosen using purposive sampling technique. The instruments were coding instrument which were organized in a codebook. It consists of 7 main codes based on previous established study. The main codes were modified into 20 subcodes. The code and subcodes were tested by 4 coders using Krippendorff 's alpha (α) for its intercoder' s reliability. All categories were reliable (α>0.8). The results showed that risk communication varied among three Provincial Health Offices and in some area needs improvement. The most types of postings were are in the form of posters with caption or posters only (66.5%) and the least types of postings were video or Instagram TV (0.1%). Some of the messages' target were made to provide information (46.6%) and only a few were aimed at building public trust. The most targeted audiences were general public (91.6%), while the least targeted audiences were organizations (0.1%). Covid-19 content in the form of behavior change education was the most uploaded postings (46.2%) while government policies related to covid-19 were very limited in the postings (3.5%). Most of the postings cited websites and or social media (54.9%) for references and scientific journals (0.3%) were the least cited. The most widely used message intonation was with positive intonation (84.8%). Instagram plays as an important complementary tool for risk communication by the government. Provincial Health Offices may add more postings that will improve public trust to the government in managing and handling Covid-19 problems and to improve the public engagement, understanding, and responses to Covid-19. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of International Journal of Infectious Diseases is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
ABSTRACT
Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic makes us realize that infectious disease a threat for humankind. Because respiratory infections such as coronaviruses are transmitted through contact and droplets, bronchoscopy is thought to be a high risk manipuration. An increased risk of virus transmission through droplets and aerosols has been reported, and strict infection control measures are essential. Healthcare providers take standard precautions, but few measures are taken on the side of patients who generates infectious droplets and aerosols.Therefore, innovative and user-friendly measures to cut droplets and aerosols are highly desirable.Method: To prevent droplets and aerosols during bronchoscopy, we created a simple, disposable, costeffective, mask for the patients who undergo bronchoscopy, with the Japanese mask industry help. The mask has a 10-mm-slit in the center for insertion of bronchoscope and a 6-mm-slit on both sides for suction catheter, which is realized with its unique pleats. The slits are closed with an electrified filter unless the tube is pierced. To evaluate the effectiveness of the prevention of droplet dispersal from the mouth, visualization of the particles with the super-highly sensitive camera and high-power light source (ViEST system) with or without the mask (bronchoscope and one suction catheter inserted) was performed and analyzed. With the quantification of droplets, and analysis of fluorescence-based image, the efficacy of prevention was evaluated. Moreover, we do the simulation with fluid dynamics software (Cradle) to visualize the spread of aerosol. The Aerosol was almost prevented with the mask. We also accessed the feasibility via the observation time of the bronchoscopy for the doctors. Results: The visualization and quantification of the droplets with ViEST system revealed that almost all the droplets are cut with the mask on bronchoscope. The simulation of the aerosol spreading indicated that the mask prevented the straightforward spreading of the aerosol from the patient's mouth. The observation time of bronchoscopy did not show the difference between with mask and without mask.In conclusion, this new mask might be useful in preventing splashes and aerosols during bronchoscopy. .